offence: implies a marked state of hurt displeasure: takes deep ~ at racial slurs.   marked显著明显的very noticeable，如marked changes/displeasure显著变化/明显不快   （hurt伤害，指对身体或感情造成创伤，如hurt by his callous remarks被他冷酷无情的话伤害，Christina有首很好听的歌叫hurt伤害） （no offence无意冒犯、请别介意，是固定搭配，用于可能冒犯别人的话，如no offence, but I really had goose bumps when you sang无意冒犯，但你的歌声让我起鸡皮疙瘩，如you need a bath. no offence别见怪，不过你该洗澡了） racial slur种族歧视语、种族蔑称，如有人叫奥巴马奥黑，他指责是对他racial slur


resentment: suggests a longer lasting indignation or smoldering ill will: harbored a life-long ~ of his brother.  （indignation愤愤不平愤慨implies anger or annoyance at unfair treatment因为受到不公正待遇，如the letter filled Lucy with indignation这封信使露西愤慨，如they were full of righteous indignation at the thought of being cheated一想到受骗了他们就义愤填膺）     smolder闷烧阴燃a fire that burns with thick smoke but no flame有烟无火焰，比喻情感或矛盾的持续郁积。smoldering ill will表示生闷气: 压抑怒气而不表达、宣泄，ill will恶意是简单的反感=antipathy程度不重


umbrage: implies a feeling of being snubbed or ignored: took ~ at a lecturer who debunked American legends.    （词根UMBR表示shadow影子，umbrage表示像影子一样怀疑受到冷落忽视而生气，如he takes umbrage at anyone who criticises him不管谁批评他，他都生气，如an overly sensitive person may take umbrage at something as small as having his or her name pronounced wrong一个过度敏感的人可能因为名字被拼错而生气。来自UMBR的还有umber琥珀adumbrate预示概括penumbra阴影过渡区域和umbrella伞）


pique: applies to a transient feeling of wounded vanity: in a ~ she foolishly declined the invitation.   短暂生气，如短语in a fit of pique表示突然短暂的生气，可以作动词，如got piqued by his lack of interest因为他不感兴趣而生气       vanity自尊虚荣


dudgeon: suggests an angry fit of indignation: walked out of the meeting in high ~.   fit短暂而剧烈的活动、或疾病发作   又如he stomped out of the room in high dudgeon他愤怒地噔噔走出了屋子， stomp重步走


huff: implies a peevish short-lived spell of anger, usually at a petty cause: in a ~ she threw the ring in his face.   （peeve生气suggests the arousing of fretful, often petty, or querulous irritation（因琐事）生气抱怨，如she is easily peeved after a sleepless night她一夜未睡，今天很容易生气）   spell短时间a short period of time，可以谐音记忆


offence冒犯: 指明显不快，感到受伤，resentment愤恨: 表示长时间的生闷气，umbrage生气: 感到被冷落忽视，pique(短暂)生气: 因为自尊受伤而短暂生气，dudgeon愤怒: 指愤怒发作，huff(短暂)生气: 因为琐事短暂生气


记忆方法: 1) 首字母ORUPDH想成Hurt PROUD自尊受伤<==不快

         2) 不快的意思是对轻蔑侮辱的情绪反应mean an emotional response to a slight or indignity.首字母ORUPDH想成Hurt PROUD自尊受伤<==令人不快    （indignity侮辱耻辱refers to treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame or to lose one's dignity让人感到耻辱失去尊严，如he was subjected to all manner of indignities他遭受了各种侮辱，如the indignity of needing financial help需要财政救助的耻辱）  indignity和indignation虽然词形很接近，但意思不同，一个是遭遇一个是对遭遇的反应